Preliminary Assessment of Clomiphene Citrate and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Activity on Uterine Histology In Female Wistar Rats

Abstract

Anovulation, a common cause of infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) women, prompts the use of anti-estrogenic drugs like clomiphene citrate (CC). However, there are conflicting reports on the effect of CC, and accordingly, this study investigated the effects of clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on uterine histomorphology. Twenty adult female rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group A (control) received only feed and water; Group B received 0.7 mg/kg body weight (BW) of hCG on day one, followed by 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days, and sacrificed on day 7; Group C received 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days and sacrificed on day 19; Group D received 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days and sacrificed on day 23. Thereafter the histology of the uterus across experimental groups was examined for possible alterations. Findings revealed normal uterine architecture in all groups, with consistent features such as a patent lumen, three-layer composition (endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium), and intact endometrial glands. These findings suggest that the treatments did not alter the basic histological structure of the uterus when compared to the control group. Taken together, these findings contribute to the understanding of the effects of these drugs and further research is necessary to explore their long-term effects.